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Over the last two decades, the growth of the fisheries sector in Indonesia has shown an increasing trend; however, behind the rapid development of this sector, the role of small-scale fisheries as one of the main actors supporting the whole industry is often neglected. They remain poor and continue to conduct fishing activities traditionally. Therefore, this study aims to describe the real situation of small-scale fishers, analyzing the fishers’ ownership of the boat they use, analyzing their income level to reveal their poverty status, and analyzing the factors affecting their income. The regression analysis results indicate that boat category, sea fish catch, fish selling price, fixed costs, and variable costs have significant effects on fishers’ net incomes.

Abstract In order to accelerate the implementation of improved technologies, taking into account the requirements of a market economy, the economic assessment of the creation and use of long-term haymaking was carried out according to five technological systems of management, using the methodology approved by the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1995). On long-term haymaking (75 years of life) over the past 28 years, productivity in extensive low-cost management systems amounted to 1.9-3.9 thousand fodder. units / ha, conditionally net income 11.7-13.2 thousand rubles / ha, with a production profitability of 52-174%. In intensive technological systems, the productivity of long-term haymaking increased to 3.4-4.5 thousand fodder. units / ha, conditionally net income from 11.9 to 16.2 thousand rubles / ha, with a production profitability of 56-60%. Extensive management systems can be used on farms with limited material and technical resources. Capital costs for the creation of long-term haymaking during the development period (2 years) amounted to 32.5 thousand rubles / ha, which paid off in 1.4-3.0 years, the annual production costs for five technological systems - 6.6-28, 3 thousand rubles per year, 40-75% of them were hay bales, with a feed unit cost of 3.5-6.4 rubles. The creation of long-term hayfields on the basis of self-renewing cereal species of phytocenosis allows saving material resources for re-planting herbage by 8-10 times, providing animals with high-quality hay, and reducing the volume of concentrates in the winter stall period.

This study investigates the relationship between firms' competition, wage, CEOs' characteristics, and firm performance (measured by net income per employee, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE)) of Vietnam's 693 listed firms in 2015 using both the ordinary-least-square (OLS) and quantile regression methods. Triangulating the results coming from the analysis of three different measures of firm performance, this study consistently confirms that the sex of CEOs and chairman turns out to be insignificant in explaining firm performance and there is a negative association between capital intensity and firm performance. For financial firms, the age of a firm and average wage per employee are negatively associated with all types of firm performance. The quantile regression method shows that the age of a firm is negatively correlated with its net income per employee for small firms, while it is insignificant for medium-sized firms. Meanwhile, firm size is positively associated with firm performance. These results indicate Vietnam's business activities are still concentrating on low labor cost, labor intensive, and low-tech production, thus, policies that promote innovation and high-tech applications should be encouraged.

It is commonly presumed that economies specializing in mining and oil production have high national income inequality. The research testing this proposition is equivocal, no doubt because of small sample sizes and missing inequality data for the majority of mining and oil economies. This paper makes use of a large sample of income inequality data that is comprehensive in its coverage of mining and oil economies. Mine production is found to cause higher national income inequality on a gross, pre-tax basis and a net, post-tax and post-redistribution basis. Botswana is prime example of a mining economy having both high gross and net income inequality. Oil production, on the other hand, does not cause higher gross or net income inequality. If anything, oil is associated with reduced gross and net income inequality. The mechanism for this difference from mining is not clear.

Wei Li, chief global investment strategist at BlackRock Investment Institute, discusses the outlook for earnings and her preference for U.S., European and Japanese equities over emerging markets. She speaks on “Bloomberg Markets: European Open”.

Walt Disney Co. reported first-quarter sales and earnings that handily beat analysts’ forecasts, buoyed by its namesake theme parks. Subscribers to the flagship streaming service Disney+ jumped to 129.8 million. Disney CEO Bob Chapek discussed the company's earnings with Bloomberg's Emily Chang.

Abstract This research aims to find the solution for the dry season irrigation problem in Lam Pao operation and maintenance project, Kalasin province. The modification of dry season cropping pattern was a process when the irrigation water was shortage. The long-term data records from 1987 to 2020, a total of 33 years, the maximum cultivated area was in 2020. The total area of 300,353 rai were 295,304 rai of dry season rice, 97 rai of field crops, 100 rai of vegetables, 1,496 rai of fish ponds and 3,356 rai of shrimp ponds. The minimum cultivated area was in 1994. The total area of of 3,419 rai were 209 rai of dry season rice, 2,552 rai of field crops, 488 rai of vegetables. 35 rai of fishponds and 135 rai of shrimp ponds. The dry season area in 2020, 10 crop varieties, were glutinous rice, rice, sweet corn, watermelon seeds, seed, cantaloupe seeds, tomato seeds, asparagus, fishpond and shrimp pond. The crop with maximum net income was cantaloupe seeds, 446,000 baht/rai of net profit. The other crops with lower net income in descending order were tomato seeds 363,600 baht/rai, zucchini seeds 76,450 baht/rai, shrimp pond 49,000 baht/rai, watermelon seeds 18,500 baht/rai, asparagus 16,000 baht/rai, fishpond 12,000 baht/rai, glutinous rice 4,904 baht/rai, rice 1,514 baht/rai and sweet corn 1,200 baht/rai. However, the modification of dry season cropping pattern concerned not only the maximum net income but also the farming skill, market demand and farmer lifestyle.

We report on findings of the recently completed 2015 Connecticut State and Local Tax Study Panel with a focus on statewide general business taxation. The state's corporate net income (profits) tax violates many of the Panel's adopted criteria for a high quality tax system. Drawing on the Panel's technical research, the Connecticut Department of Revenue Services is undertaking further study of the implementation of alternatives to the corporate net income tax, including a broad based/low rate gross receipts tax and a value-added tax, both of which would be imposed uniformly on corporate and non-corporate businesses alike. This paper reviews the merits and demerits of the alternative general business tax structures and presents research findings relating to a revenue neutral replacement of the net income tax with an \"entity tax\" based on gross receipts or value added.

Purpose At the beginning of the production year producers face a complex risk management decision environment given by risks specific to their operation, multiple crop insurance contracts and hedging opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a producer-level framework for risk management decision making, focusing on the interaction between crop insurance and hedging. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a Monte Carlo simulation model that generates a producer’s net income (NI) distribution that incorporates historical producer risk, price-yield correlation via a copula, price risk, and production costs. The authors evaluate the NI distribution through a modified Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) decision framework. The authors use the modified MPT decision framework to explore tradeoffs between expected NI and farm ruin (defined as 1 or 5 percent expected shortfall) from different crop insurance contracts and pre-harvest hedging options. Findings Only revenue protection and the highest two levels of coverage level exist on the efficient frontier. The level of hedging on the efficient frontier ranges from 0 to 55 percent of Actual Production History. The authors find that increasing coverage level 5 percent (from 80 to 85 percent) negatively impacts the optimal hedging amount by 26 percentage points (from 35 to 9 percent). Originality/value The model provides the precise identification of financial benefits from different risk management strategies by incorporating producer-level historical yield data, using a copula to capture yield-price dependency structure and producer production cost in generating the NI distribution. This model can be applied to any producer’s characteristics and data.

The article compares the investment subsidies in agriculture within the EU member states throughout the period of 2004 - 2013 based on the FADN database. Low investment level affects the cost and efficiency of agricultural production and thus the overall competitiveness of agricultural production. European programs providing support for the investments for agriculture aim at improving agricultural competitiveness. Development of subsidies on investment, property and Farm Net Income adjusted to economic size of enterprise by correlation analysis is compared in every EU country. Using cluster analysis, the member states were divided into groups according to subsidies on investments, their share in gross investment and the share of gross investments in fixed assets. The relationship between subsidies on investments and gross investment ranges from middle to higher dependency. The amount of subsidies on investments does not significantly affect the amount of current Farm Net Income.